✦ Class 12 English Prose · Bihar Board

The
Artist

A touching story about Seibei, a twelve-year-old boy whose passionate love for collecting gourds is misunderstood and crushed by the adults around him — his teacher, his father, and society. Yet the artist in him cannot be destroyed; it simply finds a new outlet.

Naoya Shiga
Naoya Shiga Japanese Novelist · 1883–1971
The Author

Naoya Shiga (1883–1971)

One of the most celebrated Japanese novelists and short story writers of the twentieth century.

Naoya Shiga portrait

Naoya Shiga (1883–1971) was a Japanese novelist and short story writer, often called the "god of novels" in Japan. He was a leading figure of the Shirakaba (White Birch) literary movement, which emphasized individualism, self-expression and the beauty of everyday life.

Shiga's writing is known for its clarity, simplicity and psychological depth. He wrote about ordinary people and ordinary experiences, but with an extraordinary sensitivity to human emotion. His stories often explore the tension between the individual's inner life and the demands of family and society.

The Artist is a poignant example of his art. It tells the story of Seibei, a boy whose passion for gourds is misunderstood by everyone around him. The story is at once a gentle comedy and a quiet tragedy — and, ultimately, a testament to the resilience of the artistic spirit.

👤
Full NameNaoya Shiga
🎂
Born1883
🕯️
Died1971
📚
Literary MovementShirakaba (White Birch)
✍️
StyleClarity, simplicity, psychological depth
📖
StoryThe Artist
Quick Overview

Summary

Concise overview of the chapter.

The Artist is a touching short story by the Japanese writer Naoya Shiga. It tells the story of Seibei, a twelve-year-old boy who lives in a harbour town and is passionately interested in gourds. He collects them, treats them carefully (boring a hole, extracting the seeds, applying tea-leaves to remove the smell, polishing them with sake), and polishes them every night in a charcoal footwarmer. He prefers plain, even and symmetrical gourds — not the old, gnarled ones favoured by collectors.

Seibei's father and his friend do not understand his hobby. They call it "playing around" and think it is a waste of time. When Seibei criticises the famous Bakin gourd as "just a clumsy great thing," his father angrily tells him to shut up. Seibei keeps his thoughts to himself but continues to love his gourds.

One day, at an old woman's fruit-stall, Seibei discovers an ordinary-looking gourd about five inches long. Something about it makes his heart beat faster, and he buys it for ten sen. He becomes so attached to this gourd that he even takes it to school and secretly polishes it under his desk during class.

One day, he is caught polishing the gourd during an ethics class by a teacher who comes from another part of Japan and considers gourd-collecting an "effeminate pastime." The teacher confiscates the gourd, calls Seibei an idiot, and tells him there is no future for a boy like him. Later that day, the teacher visits Seibei's home to complain to his mother.

When Seibei's father comes home and hears what happened, he gives his son a sound beating and then, without a word, smashes all his gourds to pieces with a hammer. Seibei turns pale but says nothing. The next day, the teacher gives the confiscated gourd to an old porter as if it were something unclean.

Two months later, the hard-pressed porter takes the gourd to a curio-shop. The dealer offers five yen, then ten, and finally pays fifty yen. The dealer later sells the same gourd to a wealthy collector for 600 yen — but neither Seibei nor the teacher ever learns the truth.

The story ends quietly. Seibei is now engrossed in his pictures — he has taken up painting and no longer feels any bitterness toward the teacher or his father. But the cycle continues: gradually, his father has begun to scold him for painting pictures too. The artistic impulse in Seibei cannot be destroyed — it simply finds a new form of expression.

Seibei is now engrossed in his pictures. He no longer feels any bitterness either towards the teacher, or towards his father who smashed all his precious gourds to pieces. Yet gradually his father has begun to scold him for painting pictures. — Naoya Shiga, The Artist
The Text

The Artist

Naoya Shiga's story of a boy, his gourds, and the adults who could not understand him.

01 Seibei's Passion for Gourds

Seibei's parents knew that he often went out to buy himself gourds. He got them for a few sen and soon had a sizeable collection. When he came home, he would first bore a neat hole in the top of the gourd and extract the seeds. Next he applied tea-leaves to get rid of the unpleasant gourd smell. He then fetched the sake which he had saved up from the dregs in his father's cup and carefully polished the surface.

Seibei was passionately interested in gourds. One day as he was strolling along the beach, absorbed in his favourite subject, he was startled by an unusual sight: he caught a glimpse of the bald, elongated head of an old man hurrying out of one of the huts by the beach. 'What a splendid gourd!' thought Seibei. The old man disappeared from sight, wagging his bald pine pate. Only then did Seibei realize his mistake and he stood there laughing loudly to himself. He laughed all the way home.

Whenever he passed a grocery, a curio-shop, a confectioner's or in fact any place that sold gourds, he stood for minutes on end, his eyes glued to the window appraising the precious fruit.

Seibei was twelve years old and still at primary school. After class, instead of playing with the other children, he usually wandered about the town looking for gourds. Then in the evening he would sit cross-legged in the corner of the living-room working on his newly acquired fruit. When he had finished treating it, he poured in a little sake, inserted a cork stopper which he had fashioned himself, wrapped it in a towel, put this in a tin especially kept for the purpose and finally placed the whole thing in the charcoal footwarmer. Then he went to bed.

As soon as he woke the next morning, he would open the tin and examine the gourd. The skin would be thoroughly damp from the overnight treatment. Seibei would gaze adoringly at his treasure before tying a string round the middle and hanging it in the sun to dry. Then he set out for school.

Seibei lived in a harbour town. Although it was officially a city, one could walk from one end to the other in a matter of twenty minutes. Seibei was always wandering about the streets and had soon come to know every place that sold gourds and to recognise almost every gourd on the market.

He did not care much about the old, gnarled, peculiarly-formed gourds usually favoured by collectors. The type that appealed to Seibei was even and symmetrical.

'That youngster of yours only seems to like the ordinary-looking ones,' said a friend of his father, who had come to call. He pointed at the boy, who was sitting in the corner busily polishing a plain, round gourd.

'Fancy a lad spending his time playing around like that with gourds!' said his father giving Seibei a disgusted look.

'See here, Seibei my lad,' said the friend, 'there's no use just collecting lots of those things. It's not the quantity that counts, you know. What you want to do is to find one or two really unusual ones.'

'I prefer this kind,' said Seibei and let the matter drop.

Seibei's father and his friend started talking about gourds.

'Remember that Bakin gourd they had at the agricultural show last spring?' said his father. 'It was a real beauty, wasn't it?'

'Yes, I remember. That big, long one ...'

As Seibei listened to their conversation, he was laughing inwardly. The Bakin gourd had made quite a stir at the time, but when he had gone to see it (having no idea, of course, who Bakin might be) he had found it rather a stupid-looking object and had walked out of the show.

'I didn't think so much of it,' interrupted Seibei, 'It's just a clumsy great thing.'

His father opened his eyes wide in surprise and anger.

'What's that?' he shouted. 'When you don't know what you're talking about, you'd better shut up!' Seibei did not say another word.

02 The Discovery at the Old Woman's Stall

One day when he was walking along an unfamiliar back-street, he came upon an old woman with a fruit-stall. She was selling dried persimmons and oranges; on the shutters of the house behind the stall, she had hung a large cluster of gourds.

'Can I have a look?' said Seibei and immediately ran behind the stall and began examining the gourds. Suddenly he caught sight of one which was about five inches long and at first sight looked quite commonplace. Something about it made Seibei's heart beat faster.

'How much is this one?' he asked, panting out the words.

'Well,' said the old woman, 'since you're just a lad, I'll let you have it for ten sen.'

'In that case,' said Seibei urgently, 'please hold it for me, won't you? I'll be right back with the money.'

He dashed home and in no time at all was back at the stall. He bought the gourd and took it home.

From that time on, he was never separated from his new gourd. He even took it along to school and used to polish it under his desk in class-time. It was not long before he was caught at this by one of the teachers, who was particularly incensed because it happened to take place in an ethics class.

The teacher came from another part of Japan and found it most offensive that children should indulge in such effeminate pastimes as collecting gourds. He never minded having his students sing Naniwabushi ballads, however raucously. Now, when he found Seibei silently polishing his gourd, his voice trembled with fury.

'You're an idiot!' he shouted. 'There's absolutely no future for a boy like you.' Then and there he confiscated the gourd on which Seibei had spent so many long hours of work. Seibei stared straight ahead and did not cry.

When he got home, Seibei's face was pale. Without a word, he put his feet on the warmer and sat looking blankly at the wall.

03 The Teacher's Visit and the Father's Anger

After a while, the teacher arrived. As Seibei's father was not yet home from the carpenter's shop where he worked, the teacher directed his attack on Seibei's mother.

'This sort of thing is the responsibility of the family,' he said in a stern voice. 'It is the duty of you parents to see that such things don't happen.' In an agony of embarrassment, Seibei's mother muttered some apology.

Meanwhile, Seibei was trying to make himself as inconspicuous as possible in the corner. Terrified, he glanced up at his vindictive teacher and at the wall directly behind, where a whole row of fully prepared gourds was hanging. What would happen if the teacher caught sight of them?

Trembling inside, he waited for the worst, but at length the man exhausted his rhetoric and stamped angrily out of the house. Seibei heaved a sigh of relief.

Seibei's mother was sobbing softly. In a querulous whine, she began to scold him, and in the midst of this, Seibei's father returned from his shop. As soon as he heard what had happened, he grabbed his son by the collar and gave him a sound beating. 'You're no good!' he bawled at him. 'You'll never get anywhere in the world, the way you're carrying on. I've a good mind to throw you out into the street where you belong!' The gourds on the wall caught his attention. Without a word, he fetched his hammer and systematically smashed them to pieces, one after the other. Seibei turned pale but said nothing.

04 The Fate of the Confiscated Gourd

The next day the teacher gave Seibei's confiscated gourd to an old porter who worked in the school. 'Here, take this,' he said, as if handing over some unclean thing.

About two months later, the porter, finding himself even more hard-pressed for money than usual, decided to take the gourd to a local curio-shop to see if he could get a few coppers for it. The curio-dealer examined the gourd carefully, then assuming an uninterested tone handed it back to the porter, saying, 'I might give you five yen for it.'

The porter was astounded, but being quite an astute old man, replied coolly, 'I certainly wouldn't part with it for that.' The dealer immediately raised his offer to ten yen, but the porter was still adamant.

In the end the curio-dealer had to pay fifty yen for the gourd. The porter left the shop, delighted at his luck. It wasn't often that the teachers gave one a free gift equivalent to a year's wages! He was so clever as not to mention the matter to anyone, and neither Seibei nor the teacher ever heard what had happened to the gourd. Yes, the porter was clever, but he was not clever enough: little did he imagine that this same gourd would be passed on by the curio-dealer to a wealthy collector in the district for 600 yen.

05 The Artist Endures

Seibei is now engrossed in his pictures. He no longer feels any bitterness either towards the teacher, or towards his father who smashed all his precious gourds to pieces.

Yet gradually his father has begun to scold him for painting pictures.

Seibei is now engrossed in his pictures. He no longer feels any bitterness either towards the teacher, or towards his father who smashed all his precious gourds to pieces. Yet gradually his father has begun to scold him for painting pictures. — Naoya Shiga, The Artist
Quick Revision

Key Themes — The Artist

Six ideas that shape Naoya Shiga's touching story.

🎨 The Artist's Passion

Seibei is not just a collector — he is an artist. He treats each gourd with care and reverence: boring holes, extracting seeds, applying tea-leaves, polishing with sake, warming overnight. His passion is total and sincere.

👨‍🏫 Misunderstanding and Authority

The teacher, the father, and society cannot understand Seibei's passion. The teacher calls him an idiot and confiscates his gourd. The father beats him and smashes his collection. Authority crushes what it cannot comprehend.

💔 The Crushing of Innocence

Seibei is a twelve-year-old boy whose harmless passion is treated as a crime. He does not cry when punished, but his pale face and blank stare show the depth of his hurt. The story is a quiet tragedy of childhood misunderstood.

💰 The Irony of Value

The gourd that the teacher throws away as "unclean" is sold for fifty yen by the porter and then for 600 yen by the curio-dealer. The adults who dismissed Seibei's taste are blind to the very value they claim to uphold.

🔥 The Artist Cannot Be Destroyed

His gourds are smashed, but Seibei simply turns to painting. The artistic impulse cannot be crushed by external force — it only changes its form. The title "The Artist" asserts the indestructibility of the creative spirit.

🔄 The Cycle Continues

The story ends with his father beginning to scold him again — this time for painting pictures. The cycle of misunderstanding and oppression continues. Yet Seibei remains absorbed in his art, unbroken.

Assessment

Test Your Understanding

Multiple choice · Fill in the blanks · Short answer. Everything is drawn from the text above.

🧠 Part A — Multiple Choice

Choose the best answer for each question. Click Check Answers at the end to see your score.

Score: — / 0

✏️ Part B — Fill in the Blanks

Complete each sentence on the basis of the text. Type your answer, then click Check Answers.

Score: — / 0

📝 Part C — Short Answer Questions

Think through your answer first, then click Show Model Answer to compare.

Textbook Exercises

Complete Exercise Bank

All questions from the Bihar Board Class 12 English Prose textbook — with answers and model responses.

A. Answer the Following Questions Orally

  • Everyone has a hobby of one's own. What is your hobby?
  • Several people are passionately attached to a particular thing or idea. Does it help to be passionate?
  • Do you think that spending your time on things other than studies is a wastage of time?

B.1.1 Complete the Sentences

Complete the following sentences on the basis of the story. Click to reveal the answer.

iSeibei was passionately interested in ____________.
gourds
iiSeibei laughed all the way home because ____________.
he had mistaken the bald head of an old man for a splendid gourd.
iiiSeibei was ____________ old and at ____________ school.
twelve years old and at primary school.
ivSeibei did not appreciate Bakin gourd because ____________.
he found it rather a stupid-looking object — a clumsy great thing.
vSeibei was now in his ____________ picture.
engrossed in his pictures (painting).

B.1.2 Answer the Following Questions Briefly

1Where did Seibei live?
Seibei lived in a harbour town. Although it was officially a city, one could walk from one end to the other in a matter of twenty minutes.
2Which type of gourd did Seibei like?
Seibei did not care for the old, gnarled, peculiarly-formed gourds usually favoured by collectors. The type that appealed to him was even and symmetrical — plain, round gourds.
3Why did the conversation of his father and his friend make Seibei laugh inwardly?
His father and his friend were praising the Bakin gourd as a "real beauty." Seibei laughed inwardly because he had actually seen the Bakin gourd and had found it rather stupid-looking and clumsy — he had walked out of the show without being impressed.
4Why did Seibei's father shout at him?
Seibei's father shouted at him because Seibei interrupted the conversation and said that the Bakin gourd was "just a clumsy great thing." His father was surprised and angry that a boy who knew nothing about gourds should speak so disrespectfully about a gourd that the experts admired.
5Why did Seibei wander about the town?
Seibei wandered about the town looking for gourds. He knew every place that sold gourds and recognised almost every gourd on the market. He was always searching for new gourds to add to his collection.

B.2.1 Complete the Sentences

iThe old woman asked for ____________ for the gourd.
ten sen
iiThe teacher was particularly angry because ____________.
Seibei was polishing his gourd during an ethics class.
iiiSeibei's father worked at ____________.
a carpenter's shop
ivSeibei's father fetched his hammer and ____________.
smashed all the gourds on the wall to pieces, one after the other.
vThe curio-dealer sold the confiscated gourd to ____________.
a wealthy collector in the district for 600 yen.

B.2.2 Answer the Following Questions Briefly

1What made Seibei's heart beat faster?
Seibei's heart beat faster when he caught sight of a gourd about five inches long at the old woman's stall. At first sight it looked quite commonplace, but something about it excited him deeply.
2Which is called effeminate pastime in the story?
Collecting gourds is called an effeminate pastime. The teacher, who came from another part of Japan, found it most offensive that children should indulge in such effeminate pastimes.
3How did Seibei's father react to the teacher's complaint?
When Seibei's father heard what had happened, he grabbed his son by the collar and gave him a sound beating. He bawled at him that he was no good and would never get anywhere in the world. Then he fetched his hammer and systematically smashed all the gourds on the wall to pieces.
4How much did the curio-dealer pay for the confiscated gourd?
The curio-dealer paid fifty yen for the confiscated gourd. He later sold it to a wealthy collector for 600 yen.
5What did Seibei do after he was forced to give up collecting gourds?
After he was forced to give up collecting gourds, Seibei became engrossed in painting pictures. He no longer felt any bitterness towards the teacher or his father. Yet gradually his father began to scold him for painting pictures too.

C.1 Long Answer Questions

Prepare detailed answers. Click to reveal model responses.

1Who was Seibei? What was his hobby?
Seibei was a twelve-year-old boy who lived in a harbour town and attended primary school. His hobby was collecting gourds. He was passionately interested in them — he would buy them for a few sen, treat them carefully, and polish them with sake. He wandered about the town looking for gourds, knew every shop that sold them, and spent his evenings working on his collection. He preferred plain, symmetrical gourds to the old, gnarled ones favoured by collectors.
2Pick out instances from the story to show that Seibei was passionate towards gourd collection.
Instances showing Seibei's passion: (1) He went out to buy gourds and soon had a sizeable collection. (2) He treated each gourd carefully — boring holes, extracting seeds, applying tea-leaves, polishing with sake. (3) He put the gourd in a tin inside the charcoal footwarmer overnight and examined it first thing in the morning. (4) He wandered about the town looking for gourds instead of playing with other children. (5) He knew every place that sold gourds and recognised almost every gourd on the market. (6) He took his new gourd to school and polished it under his desk in class-time. (7) He rushed home to get money when he found a gourd he wanted at the old woman's stall.
3Explain the views of Seibei's father about him and his hobby.
Seibei's father did not understand or appreciate his son's hobby. He gave Seibei a disgusted look when he saw him polishing a gourd and said, "Fancy a lad spending his time playing around like that with gourds!" He believed Seibei was wasting his time. When Seibei criticised the Bakin gourd, his father shouted at him to shut up. When the teacher complained, he beat Seibei and smashed all his gourds with a hammer, saying Seibei was no good and would never get anywhere in the world. Even when Seibei took up painting, his father began to scold him for that too.
4Why did Seibei's teacher become angry with him? Was his anger justified?
Seibei's teacher became angry because he caught Seibei polishing his gourd under his desk during an ethics class. The teacher came from another part of Japan and considered gourd-collecting an effeminate pastime. He called Seibei an idiot and confiscated his gourd. His anger was not justified. Seibei was not harming anyone — he was simply pursuing a harmless hobby. The teacher's reaction was excessive and based on cultural prejudice. A better response would have been to gently remind Seibei to keep his hobby outside class hours.
5Seibei's teacher held his parents responsible for Seibei's mistake. Do you agree with the teacher? Explain.
No, I do not agree with the teacher. Seibei's parents were not responsible for his "mistake." Seibei was simply pursuing a harmless hobby that he loved. His parents may not have understood his passion, but they had not encouraged him to misbehave in class. The teacher's accusation was an attempt to shift blame. Parents can guide their children, but a twelve-year-old's choice to polish a gourd in class is his own. The teacher should have handled the situation with more understanding and less anger.
6Describe in your own words the attitude and reaction of the teacher to Seibei's passion.
The teacher's attitude was hostile and dismissive. He considered gourd-collecting an effeminate pastime and found it offensive. When he caught Seibei polishing his gourd in class, his voice trembled with fury. He called Seibei an idiot, told him there was no future for a boy like him, and confiscated the gourd. Later, he came to Seibei's house to complain to his mother, saying it was the family's responsibility. He then gave the confiscated gourd to an old porter as if it were something unclean. His reaction was disproportionate and lacking in empathy.
7Why and how did Seibei change his hobby? Describe in your own words.
Seibei changed his hobby because his gourds were destroyed — his teacher confiscated one and his father smashed the rest. He could no longer collect gourds. So he turned to painting pictures instead. He became engrossed in his pictures and no longer felt bitterness towards the teacher or his father. The change shows that the artistic impulse in him could not be destroyed — it simply found a new form of expression. But the cycle continued: his father began scolding him for painting too.
8Do you have similar experiences? Describe in your own words.
(Personal answer) Yes, I have had similar experiences. When I was younger, I loved collecting stamps and spent hours arranging them in albums. My parents thought it was a waste of time and wanted me to focus only on studies. But the hobby taught me patience, attention to detail, and a love of history. Like Seibei, I had to give it up for a while, but the interest never really died — I still enjoy reading about stamps and history whenever I get the chance.
9Sketch the character of Seibei as an artist.
Seibei is an artist in the truest sense. He is passionate, dedicated and meticulous. He treats each gourd with care and reverence, following a precise ritual of cleaning, polishing and warming. He has an independent eye — he prefers plain, symmetrical gourds to the gnarled ones favoured by collectors, and he is not afraid to say that the famous Bakin gourd is "clumsy." He is patient and persevering, spending long hours on his work. He is also resilient — when his gourds are destroyed, he does not cry or complain; he simply turns to painting. He does not harbour bitterness. Above all, he is true to himself, following his artistic impulse wherever it leads. The title "The Artist" is fully justified.

C.2 Group Discussion

Discuss the following in groups or pairs.

  • An artist can change his tools but not his mind.
  • Hobbies should have some limits.

C.3 Composition

Write in about 100–150 words on each of the following.

  • Write a letter to your friend describing your favourite pastime.
  • Write a short essay in about 150 words on the 'Role of teacher in the life of the student'.

D.1 Dictionary Use

Ex 1Correct the spelling of the following words: embaras, glimpses, enterupt, symetrical, emidiatly, persinoms, favorite, intrest, confesner.
Corrected spellings:
embarrass · glimpses · interrupt · symmetrical · immediately · persimmons · favourite · interest · confectioner
Ex 2Look up a dictionary and write two synonyms of each of the following words: passion, absorbed, startled, mistake, precious, clumsy.
passion → fervour, enthusiasm
absorbed → engrossed, immersed
startled → surprised, shocked
mistake → error, blunder
precious → valuable, treasured
clumsy → awkward, ungraceful

D.2 Word-formation

Make nouns from the verbs given below by adding 'ment' to them: amend, amuse, bewilder, improve, invest, judge, rabble, punish, astonish, govern.

QForm nouns by adding -ment.
amend → amendment
amuse → amusement
bewilder → bewilderment
improve → improvement
invest → investment
judge → judgement
rabble → rabblement (rare)
punish → punishment
astonish → astonishment
govern → government

D.3 Word-meaning

Find from the lesson words the meanings of which have been given. The last part of each word is given.

Ex 1Find the words from the lesson. (a) Japanese currency — ___n; (b) well shaped — ___cal; (c) a yellow fruit — ___mon; (d) study of morality — ___ics; (e) not easily noticed — ___ous; (f) absorbed — ___ed.
a) sen
b) symmetrical
c) persimmon
d) ethics
e) inconspicuous
f) engrossed

D.4 Phrases

Find the sentences in the lesson where these phrases are used, then use them in sentences of your own.

aget rid of
In the lesson: "Next he applied tea-leaves to get rid of the unpleasant gourd smell."

My sentence: I need to get rid of all the old newspapers in my room.
bat all
In the lesson: "He never minded having his students sing Naniwabushi ballads, however raucously." (and "in no time at all")

My sentence: She did not seem tired at all after the long journey.
cinstead of
In the lesson: "After class, instead of playing with the other children, he usually wandered about the town looking for gourds."

My sentence: I drank water instead of cold drink.
dlook for
In the lesson: "he usually wandered about the town looking for gourds."

My sentence: I am looking for my lost keys.
eset out
In the lesson: "Then he set out for school."

My sentence: We set out early in the morning to catch the train.
fpart with
In the lesson: "'I certainly wouldn't part with it for that.'"

My sentence: She was very attached to her old bicycle and did not want to part with it.
ga sigh of
In the lesson: "Seibei heaved a sigh of relief."

My sentence: When the examination was over, she let out a sigh of relief.

E. Grammar — Question Tags

Add question tags to the sentences given below.

1I am right, ____________?
I am right, aren't I?
2Mamta is not wrong, ____________?
Mamta is not wrong, is she?
3You are sure, ____________?
You are sure, aren't you?
4They were not well, ____________?
They were not well, were they?
5Rimjhim has broken the glass, ____________?
Rimjhim has broken the glass, hasn't she?
6They have played well, ____________?
They have played well, haven't they?
7Please do me a favour, ____________?
Please do me a favour, will you?
8Don't go there, ____________?
Don't go there, will you?
9Don't make a noise, ____________?
Don't make a noise, will you?
10Please shut the door, ____________?
Please shut the door, will you?

F. Activity

Ex 1Make a survey of your friends and find out their hobbies and their passionate involvements.
(Suggested approach) Ask five friends about their hobbies. Record their answers in a table — hobby, how long they have pursued it, how much time they spend on it, and why they love it. Common hobbies might include reading, cricket, painting, music, gardening, photography, coding, or collecting items. Present your findings to the class, noting which hobbies are most common and what they reveal about your friends' personalities.
Ex 2'Yen' is the currency of Japan. Find out the currency of: England, Finland, Spain, France, Nigeria, Nepal, Chile, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, China.
England — Pound Sterling
Finland — Euro
Spain — Euro
France — Euro
Nigeria — Naira
Nepal — Nepalese Rupee
Chile — Chilean Peso
Myanmar — Kyat
Sri Lanka — Sri Lankan Rupee
Afghanistan — Afghani
Saudi Arabia — Saudi Riyal
China — Yuan (Renminbi)

📚 Glossary & Notes

Key words from the lesson with their meanings.

  • gourds (n): large fleshy fruits of a trailing plant
  • sen (n): Japanese currency
  • sake (n): a Japanese drink made from rice
  • dregs (n): the last few drops left in a glass
  • passionately (adv): keenly, fervently
  • pate (n): head
  • confectioner's (n): sweet seller's
  • appraising (v): assessing, reviewing
  • gnarled (adj): twisted or wrinkled
  • symmetrical (adj): well-shaped
  • disgusted (adj): shocked, stunned
  • clumsy (adj): awkward
  • persimmons (n): yellow fruits, date plum
  • incensed (adj): angry, infuriated
  • ethics (n): the study of morality
  • effeminate (adj): womanish
  • raucously (adv): harshly, roughly
  • confiscated (v): took away, seized
  • inconspicuous (adj): not easily noticed, ordinary
  • vindictive (adj): determined to punish
  • rhetoric (n): forceful speech
  • whine (n): moan
  • grabbed (v): took hold of, seized
  • bawled (v): cried, roared
  • porter (n): attendant
  • yen (n): units of currency in Japan
  • astounded (adj): amazed
  • astute (adj): clever, smart
  • adamant (adj): unyielding, resolute
  • engrossed (v): absorbed, engaged