The Text
Marriage is a Private Affair
Chinua Achebe's story of love, tradition, and reconciliation.
1 The Secret Engagement
"Have you written to your dad yet?" asked Nene one afternoon as she sat with
Nnaemeka in her room at 16 Kasanga Street, Lagos.
"No. I've been thinking about it. I think it's better to tell him when I get home
on leave!"
"But why? Your leave is such a long way off yet — six whole weeks. He should be
let into our happiness now."
Nnaemeka was silent for a while, and then began very slowly as if he groped for
his words: "I wish I were sure it would be happiness to him."
"Of course it must," replied Nene, a little surprised. "Why shouldn't it?"
"You have lived in Lagos all your life, and you know very little about people in
remote parts of our country."
"That's what you always say. But I don't believe anybody will be so unlike other
people that they will be unhappy when their sons are engaged to marry."
"Yes. They are most unhappy if the engagement is not arranged by them. In our
case it's worse — you are not even an Ibo."
This was said so seriously and so bluntly that Nene could not find speech
immediately. In the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the city it had always seemed to
her something of a joke that a person's tribe could determine whom he married.
At last she said, "You don't really mean that he will object to your marrying me
simply on that account? I had always thought you Ibo were kindly disposed to
other people."
"So we are. But when it comes to marriage, well, it's not quite so simple. And
this," he added, "is not peculiar to the Ibos. If your father were alive and
lived in the heart of Ibo-land he would be exactly like my father."
"I don't know. But anyway, as your father is so fond of you, I'm sure he will
forgive you soon enough. Come on then, be a good boy and send him a nice lovely
letter..."
"It would not be wise to break the news to him by writing. A letter will bring
it upon him with a shock. I'm quite sure about that."
"All right, honey, suit yourself. You know your father."
As Nnaemeka walked home that evening he turned over in his mind different ways of
overcoming his father's opposition, especially now that he had gone and found a
girl for him. He had thought of showing his letter to Nene but decided on second
thoughts not to, at least for the moment. He read it again when he got home and
couldn't help smiling to himself. He remembered Ugoye quite well, an Amazon of a
girl who used to beat up all the boys, himself included, on the way to stream, a
complete dunce at school.
Father's Letter
"I have found a girl who will suit you admirably — Ugoye Nweke, the eldest daughter of our neighbour, Jacob Nweke. She has a proper Christian upbringing. When she stopped schooling some years ago, her father (a man of sound judgement) sent her to live in the house of a pastor where she has received all the training a wife could need. Her Sunday School teacher has told me that she reads her Bible very fluently. I hope we shall begin negotiations when you come home in December."
2 The Confrontation
On the second evening of his return from Lagos Nnaemeka sat with his father under
a Cassia tree. This was the old man's retreat where he went to read his Bible when
the parching December sun had set and a fresh, reviving wind blew on the leaves.
Nnaemeka
"Father," began Nnaemeka suddenly, "I have come to ask for forgiveness."
Father
"Forgiveness? For what, my son?" he asked in amazement.
Nnaemeka
"It's about the marriage question?"
Father
"Which marriage question?"
Nnaemeka
"I can't — we must — I mean it is impossible for me to marry Nweke's daughter."
Father
"Impossible? Why?" asked his father.
Nnaemeka
"I don't love her."
Father
"Nobody said you did. Why should you?" he asked.
Nnaemeka
"Marriage today is different..."
Father
"Look here my son," interrupted his father, "nothing is different. What one looks for in a wife are a good character and a Christian background."
Nnaemeka saw there was no hope along the present line of argument.
Nnaemeka
"Moreover," he said, "I am engaged to marry another girl who has all of Ugoye's good qualities, and who..."
His father did not believe his ears. "What did you say?" he asked slowly and
disconcertingly.
Nnaemeka
"She is a good Christian," his son went on, "and a teacher in a Girls' School in Lagos."
Father
"Teacher, did you say? If you consider that a qualification for a good wife I should like to point out to you, Nnaemeka, that no Christian woman should teach. St. Paul in his letter to the Corinthians says that women should keep silence."
He rose slowly from his seat and paced forwards and backwards. This was his pet
subject, and he condemned vehemently those leaders who encouraged women to teach
in their schools. After he had spent his emotion on a long homily he at last came
back to his son's engagement, in a seemingly milder tone.
Father
"Whose daughter is she, anyway?"
Nnaemeka
"She is Nene Atang."
Father
"What!" All the mildness was gone again. "Did you say Nene Atang, what does that mean?"
Nnaemeka
"Nene Atang from Calabar. She is the only girl I can marry."
This was a very rash reply and Nnaemeka expected the storm to burst. But it did
not. His father merely walked away into his room. This was most unexpected and
perplexed Nnaemeka. His father's silence was infinitely more menacing than a
flood of threatening speech. That night the old man did not eat.
When he sent for Nnaemeka a day later he applied all possible ways of dissuasion.
But the young man's heart was hardened, and his father eventually gave him up as
lost.
Father
"I owe it to you, my son, as a duty to show you what is right and what is wrong. Whoever put this idea into your head might as well have cut your throat. It is Satan's work."
He waved his son away.
Nnaemeka
"You will change your mind, Father, when you know Nene."
Father
"I shall never see her," was the reply.
From that night the father scarcely spoke to his son. He did not, however, cease
hoping that he would realise how serious was the danger he was heading for. Day
and night he put him in his prayers.
3 The Village Speaks
Nnaemeka, for his own part, was very deeply affected by his father's grief. But
he kept hoping that it would pass away. If it had occurred to him that never in
the history of his people had a man married a woman who spoke a different tongue,
he might have been less optimistic. "It has never been heard," was the verdict of
an old man speaking a few weeks later. In that short sentence he spoke for all of
his people. This man had come with others to commiserate with Okeke when news
went round about his son's behaviour. By that time the son had gone back to Lagos.
Old Man
"It has never been heard," said the old man again with a sad shake of his head.
Another Gentleman
"What did Our Lord say?" asked another gentleman. "Sons shall rise against their Fathers; it is there in the Holy Book."
Another
"It is the beginning of the end," said another.
The discussion thus tending to become theological, Madubogwu, a highly practical
man, brought it down once more to the ordinary level.
Madubogwu
"Have you thought of consulting a native doctor about your son?" he asked Nnaemeka's father.
Father
"He isn't sick," was the reply.
Madubogwu
"What is he then? The boy's mind is diseased and only a good herbalist can bring him back to his right senses. The medicine he requires is Amalile, the same that women apply with success to recapture their husbands' straying affection."
Another Gentleman
"Madubogwu is right," said another gentleman. "This thing calls for medicine."
Father
"I shall not call in a native doctor," Nnaemeka's father was known to be obstinately ahead of his more superstitious neighbours in these matters. "I will not be another Mrs Ochuba. If my son wants to kill himself let him do it with his own hands. It is not for me to help him."
Madubogwu
"But it was her fault," said Madubogwu. "She ought to have gone to an honest herbalist. She was a clever woman, nevertheless."
Jonathan
"She was a wicked murderess," said Jonathan who rarely argued with his neighbours because, he often said, they were incapable of reasoning. "The medicine was prepared for her husband, it was his name they called in its preparation and I am sure it would have been perfectly beneficial to him. It was wicked to put it into the herbalist's food, and say you were trying it out."
4 Eight Years of Silence
Six months later, Nnaemeka was showing his young wife a short letter from his
father.
Father's Letter
"It amazes me that you should be so unfeeling as to send me your wedding picture. I would have sent it back. But on further thought I decided just to cut off your wife and send it back to you because I have nothing to do with her. How I wish that I had nothing to do with you either."
When Nene read through this letter and looked at the mutilated picture her eyes
filled with tears, and she began to sob.
Nnaemeka
"Don't cry, my darling," said her husband. "He is essentially good-natured and will one day look more kindly on our marriage."
But years passed and that one day did not come.
For eight years, Okeke would have nothing to do with his son, Nnaemeka. Only
three times (when Nnaemeka asked to come home and spend his leave) did he write
to him.
Father's Letter
"I can't have you in my house," he replied on one occasion. "It can be of no interest to me where or how you spend your leave or your life, for that matter."
The prejudice against Nnaemeka's marriage was not confined to his little village.
In Lagos, especially among his people who worked there, it showed itself in a
different way. Their women, when they met at their village meeting, were not
hostile to Nene. Rather they paid her such excessive deference as to make her
feel she was not one of them. But as time went on, Nene gradually broke through
some of this prejudice and even began to make friends among them. Slowly and
grudgingly they began to admit that she kept her home much better than most of
them.
The story eventually got to the little village in the heart of the Ibo country
that Nnaemeka and his young wife were a most happy couple. But his father was one
of the few people in the village who knew nothing about this. He always displayed
so much temper whenever his son's name was mentioned that everyone avoided it in
his presence. By a tremendous effort of will he had succeeded in pushing his son
to the back of his mind. The strain had nearly killed him but he had persevered
and won.
5 The Letter That Changed Everything
Then one day he received a letter from Nene and in spite of himself he began to
glance through it perfunctorily until all of a sudden the expression on his face
changed and he began to read more carefully:
Nene's Letter
"... Our two sons, from the day they learnt that they have a grandfather, have insisted on being taken to him. I find it impossible to tell them that you will not see them. I implore you to allow Nnaemeka to bring them home for a short time during his leave next month. I shall remain here in Lagos."
The old man at once felt the resolution he had built up over so many years falling
in. He was telling himself that he must not give in. He tried to steel his heart
against all emotional appeals. It was a re-enactment of that other struggle. He
leaned against a window and looked out. The sky was overcast with heavy black
clouds and a high wind began to blow filling the air with dust and dry leaves. It
was one of those rare occasions when even Nature takes a hand in a human fight.
Very soon it began to rain, the first rain in the year. It came down in large
sharp drops and was accompanied by the lightning and thunder which mark a change
of season. Okeke was trying hard not to think of his two grandsons. But he knew
he was now fighting a losing battle. He tried to hum a favourite hymn but the
pattering of large raindrops on the roof broke up the tune. His mind immediately
returned to the children. How could he shut his door against them? By a curious
mental process he imagined them standing, sad and forsaken, under the harsh angry
weather — shut out from his house.
That night he hardly slept, from remorse — and a vague fear that he might die
without making it up to them.
That night he hardly slept, from remorse — and a vague fear that he might die
without making it up to them.
— Chinua Achebe, Marriage is a Private Affair